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A Thesaurus of Bird Names
Etymology of European Lexis through Paradigms
VOLUME II : The paradigms
Appendice 3.0 - Paradigms of terms of chromatic origin, p. 95.
3.1.1 Base b-l Shiny, white; base of kinetic origin: fire, a mobile phenomenon: Base d'origine cinétique b-l: le feu, phénomène mouvant. Lah. 1963, No. 396. See 6.2.1
| Dravidian South |
bel, vel |
day, white |
| Dravidian |
vela |
sun |
| Canarese |
belatu |
to shine |
| India: Canarese |
bel, vëlli |
silver |
| Hebrew |
bàlagh |
to shine |
| Arabic |
balaga |
to shine; bdaliga to be happy |
| Syriac north |
balbis |
to gleam |
| Berber |
bellar |
clear, glass |
| Berber |
bellargi, belarej |
Stork, 127 (Colin, 1926) |
| Haoussa |
belbela |
Cattle Egret, 122 |
| Arabic: Maroc |
bu-belina et var. |
Little Egret, 121 |
| Assyian |
Bel |
master of the world: the personified sun |
| Chaldean |
Baal |
god |
| Welsh |
Beli |
god of the sun |
| Gaulois |
Belinos, Abellio |
id. |
| French: Ardèche |
abélione |
chasselas, a white variety of grape vine |
| French: nord |
belle (la) |
the moon (ne doit pas être compris "la jolie" mais "la claire") |
| French: Languedoc |
bélé |
light, shiny |
| French: Languedoc |
béléja |
lightning |
| French |
éblouir |
to dazzle |
| Italian: Canavese |
bagliore |
dazzling light |
| ON, O.Icelandic |
bàl |
great fire |
| O.Irish |
cibell |
flame |
| English |
balefire |
bonfire |
| French: VS |
beaux (les) |
the bonfires of St.Jean |
| French: VS |
biou |
beautiful |
| Rheto-Romansh: Vaz |
bi |
id. |
| Aromanian |
bel |
white |
| Romanian |
bâl, bâlâi |
blond |
| Thracian |
balios |
white |
| Old French: Flandres |
belles pasques |
(a.litt.) pâque blanche, Easter |
| Rheto-Romansh |
farina bella |
white flour |
| Rheto-Romansh: Sent |
bell |
beautiful |
| Provençal |
belour |
beauty |
| French |
velours |
velvet, a fabric with a sheen |
| Provençal |
bélet |
Kingfisher, 267, Bullfinch, 430 ("le beau") |
| Galician |
belido |
beautiful |
| Galician |
belida |
nube blanca del ojo |
| Italian: reg. |
belladonna |
Shelduck, 36 |
| French: Pic. |
béliane |
id. |
| Italian: South |
bella, béli |
Magpie, 288 |
| German |
belle |
white poplar |
| Old French |
abel |
white poplar |
| English reg. |
abel |
white poplar |
| Gaelic: Ireland |
aibhlig |
to scintillate |
| Gaelic: Scotland |
éibheall |
hot coal |
| Spanish |
abuelo |
French aïeul, ancestors: white haired |
| French |
bouleau |
birch |
| French: VS |
biole et var. |
id. |
| French: Forez |
bie |
id. |
| Russian |
b'elyj |
white |
| Ukrainian |
bilo |
id. |
| Bulgarian |
bjalo |
id. |
| Ukrainian. |
belik |
harriers, 219-221 |
| Ukrainian |
Belykden |
Easter, cf. Pâques
3.7.3.1, Pâques fleuries
3.1.32.4. and belles pâques, above; before its christian meaning, Easter was the festival of Spring, the white festival par excellence. (Not from a hypothetical *velykden "great day") |
| Serbo-Croatian |
belec |
Smew, 62 |
| Lithuanian |
bãlas |
white, lettish balgans whitish |
| Latvian |
baluot |
pale |
| Slovakian |
belasy, belavy |
sky blue |
| Polish: reg. |
bialawy |
blue |
| Ukrainian |
belej |
French ver blanc, larva of a beetle |
| Slovenian |
belka |
Ptarmigan, 12 |
| Bulgarian |
bêlmo |
= Galicia belida, above |
| Serbo-Croatian |
bielác, balumcin, balansir |
Great Egret, 120 |
| Arabic: Maroc |
bu-bilisa |
Little Egret, 121 |
| Arabic: Egypt |
balaSam |
Heron, 118 |
| Turkish |
balïkcïl |
Heron, 118 (pre-osman substr.) |
| Arabic: Egypt |
abu-balik |
Wheatear, 349 |
| Ethiopian: Mursi |
balai |
white-backed (animal) |
3.1.3 Base v-l Purple; violet
| French |
violet |
English violet |
| French: Sav. |
violè |
bruise |
| Romaninian |
viorînt |
violet |
| Romaninian |
pasâre-viorînt |
Kingfisher, 267 |
| French |
violette |
nom d'une fleur |
| French: Hérémence(VS) |
violèta |
nom de vache d'un rouge foncé |
| French: Savièse (VS) |
viowé |
rouget du porc |
| French: Béarn. |
bioulet |
violet |
| Basque |
briulet (rhot.) |
(< French) violet |
3.1.4 Base b-l sombre, dark noir
| Basque |
beltz |
black |
| Basque |
beltzura |
melancholy, blues; Carrion Crow, 280 |
| Latvian |
ubels |
dark grey |
| Latvian |
ubelains |
blue-grey |
| Latvian |
ubele |
Turtle-dove, 257; a grey cow |
| Latvian |
ubelis |
Turtle-dove, 257; a horse with a black stripe on back |
| Breton |
belek |
priest |
| French: Isère |
bëlë |
dull, FEW 23: 185 |
| French: Landujan |
bœluètœ |
become cloudy (liquid), FEW 23: 184 |
| French: Mourmé |
bèlagne |
shade, FEW 23: 184 |
3.6.20.1 m-g Spotted; tacheté
| Ital.N. |
magas et var. |
Tufted Duck, 48; Pochard, 50; Goldeneye, 54 |
| Ital.: TI |
moga |
id. |
| Ital.: Sic. |
moja |
id. |
| French: Mos. |
mogyès |
spark, FEW 23: 48 |
| French |
muguet |
lily of the valley, cf. morguette
3.6.19.; a disease causing small white patches |
| Esp. reg. |
magueta |
Stonechat, 353 |
| Germ.reg. |
ekamaig |
Jay, 290 |
| English |
mag |
variegated |
| English |
magpie, maggy etc. |
Magpie, 288 |
| English |
maggie |
Guillemot, 74 |
| English |
meggy |
Whitethroat, 362 |
| English |
maggie-muffie |
Long-tailed Tit, 398 |
| English |
mag-owl, maggie |
Barn Owl, 238 |
| English: Scot. |
mag, mag-loon |
also maak, nack, nauk Great Northern Diver, 65 |
4.1.4.5 g-g Rounded things
| Gaelic: Ireland |
gogaí |
(child.) egg |
| Gaelic: Ireland |
gogaide |
the posterior |
| English: Scotland |
gow |
halo around the sun or moon |
| Gaelic: Ireland |
gogaire |
bent or squatting person; young seagull, 81 |
| French |
gougère |
a kind of pie |
| Gaelic: Scotland |
gog-geadh |
gosling |
| Gaelic: Ireland |
guga |
nestling of Gannet, 108 |
| Gaelic: Scotland |
guga |
a fat, silly fellow |
| French |
goujat |
rustre, cf. hob
4.4.1.1. |
| English: Scotland |
gudge |
short, thickset person |
| Welsh |
heligug |
Guillemot, 74; Macareux, 72 |
| English: Scotland |
gur-le-gug |
Puffin, 73 (for gur
4.2.16.11.) |
| English: Scotland |
gudge |
short, thickset person |
| English |
goog |
unfledged bird |
| English, French |
gouge |
a chisel with a round edge |
| Spanish reg. |
magouga |
Hoopoe, 263 |
| French |
goujon |
kinds of pin, dowel; gudgeon |
| French: ALF |
gogue |
cow |
| French: SR |
gogant |
sapin isolé |
| French: Norm. |
goguenot |
sorte de pot |
| Italian |
giogo |
mountain summit; excellence; yoke |
| English |
jag |
notch |
| Lithuanian |
svogunas |
(sg>sv) onion |
| Albanian |
goxha |
big, tall, much, enough |
| English |
gouge |
to pile up |
| Anc.Greek |
Gígas |
the Giants |
| Romanian |
gogâ |
nut, ball |
| Italian reg. |
gugarè |
Wren, 406 |
| Lithuanian |
gougé |
head |
| Ukrainian |
gaugarca |
Long-tailed Tit, 398 |
| Albanian |
gungë |
bump |
| Romanian |
gogase |
rounded object, cocoon etc. |
| Old Romanian |
cocoat |
hump-backed |
| Old Romanian |
cucoae |
nut |
| Romanian |
cocosel |
Wren, 406 |
| Provençal |
cougousso |
bat, 16.9 |
| Italian: Corse |
cuguzzu |
bat, 16.9 (little hanging ball) cf. cucca
4.1.1. |
4.1.5 k-k-s Tuft, top
| Kurdish |
kukusetti |
Hoopoe, 263 |
| Anc.Greek |
kokkos |
cock, 2 |
| Anc.Greek |
kokkyx |
coccyx; meaning of "extremity "; no relation to kokkyx Cuckoo, 261, which is of acoustic origin |
| Mod.Greek |
koukkos |
bonnet, hat (of cook) |
| Romanian |
coco |
a curved pin in the ploughshare; Solomon's seal (from the horns or warts on its rhizome); cock of a gun |
| Italian reg. |
cucòscia et var. |
Crested Lark, 299 |
| Romanian |
cocosul |
cock, 2 |
| Czech |
kokes |
cock, 2 |
| Albanian |
kokosh i egër |
Hoopoe, 263 |
| Russian |
kukuška |
Hoopoe, 263 |
| Albanian |
kokoshurdh |
Great Crested Grebe, 66 |
| Ukranian |
xoxusa |
Great Crested Grebe, 66 |
| Russian |
kukac |
Great Crested Grebe, 66 |
4.5.3 b-l, w-l, g- l Rounded things; choses arrondies (continuation of, suite de 4.5.1)
| English |
bully |
"applies to birds, fishes etc. which are short and thick set"; tadpole |
| English |
bull |
thick set animal |
| English |
bulldog |
thick set dog |
| English |
bullfinch etc. |
thickset bird, Dutch bolvink id. |
| English |
bull-bird, bull's eye |
Ringed Plovers, 163, 164 (roundish birds) |
| English |
bullyhead, green bull |
Greenfinch, 416 |
| English |
bullhead et var. |
Plover, 162 |
| English |
bullheaded wigeon |
Pochard, 50 |
| English |
bulrush |
Typha, plant with a cylindrical seedhead |
| English |
bullhead |
bullfrog |
| English |
bullthrush |
Mistle Thrush, 340 (the largest thrush), cf. Ital. bottacio
4.5.19., Breton bondrask
4.5.15. |
| English |
bellthrush |
Mistle Thrush, 340 |
| English |
belly |
rounded part of the body, bulge |
| English |
bell |
bell |
| English |
bellows |
blast-bag |
| Italian |
bellicóne |
big jar |
| English |
billow |
surge, swell, bull |
| Italian |
billo |
Turkey, 5 |
| French |
bille |
small ball |
| French |
belon |
flat and rounded oyster |
| French rég. |
reibelet et var. |
Wren, 406 |
| French: Cantal |
potobillou |
Wren, 406 (also 4.5.20) |
| French |
bille-cul |
also bi, bion, billeri, guilleri Little Grebe, 70, cf. botacul
4.5.19. |
| Dutch |
bil |
the posterior |
| English |
billy |
various thickset, roundish birds: Puffin, 73; Grebe 70; Guillemot, 74, Blue Tit, 391; also: unfledged bird; (Amer.) a club, see cudgel 4.1.14 |
| English |
billy-hooter |
Tawny Owl, 239 (rounded head) |
| English |
old-will |
Barn Owl, 238 (rounded head) |
| English |
bill, will, willock |
Puffin, 73 |
| English |
billy-goat |
the massive male of the nanny-goat |
| English |
willy et var. |
Guillemot, 74; Puffin, 73; fishtrap basket; proper name (cf. Thomas
4.4.8.1. |
| English |
willy-fisher |
Little Grebe, 70 |
| English |
william |
a kind of pear (swollen at base) |
| English |
master williams |
Tawny Owl, 239 (cf. billy-hooter, above) |
| Cymric |
gwilem, wiliog |
Guillemot, 74 |
| French |
guillemot |
Guillemot, 74 |
| French |
guillaume |
a kind of pear (cf. william); Guillemot, 74; poppy; scarecrow; a given name (originally: big and short man, cf. Thomas
4.4.8.1. |
| English |
swell |
to grow in bulk, etc. |
| Germ. |
welle |
wave |
| English |
wall |
embankment, bulwark, battlement, etc. |
| French |
ville |
city, cf. gorod
4.5.19., town
4.4.8.2. also wyl, romance residue it toponyms (Allswyl etc.) |
5.2.39.2 skr-c Pok. 568; ML 2321, 2324; FEW 2: 1333
| English |
screech |
to cry |
| English |
screech-hawk |
Nightjar, 251 |
| English |
screech, skreek |
Mistle Thrush, 340 |
| English |
screecher |
Sterne, 96 |
| English |
screech-owl |
Barn Owl, 238 |
| Czech |
sovo skreizlikem |
Barn Owl, 238 (v. 5.2.42) |
| Czech |
skrcek |
Brambling, 433 |
| Sorabian(h.sor.) |
Skrçkawa |
Jay, 290 |
| Serbo-Croatian. |
skricaljka |
Jay, 290 |
| Sln. |
skrijcik |
Wren, 406 |
| Italian |
scricciolo |
Wren, 406 |
| Italian: Corse |
scrizola |
Subalpine Warbler, 365 |
15.2 Lexicon of falconry: English-French.
Glossaries of English terms of falconry can be found in Wood (1943) and Beebe (1992).
arms: les jambes
bate: débattre (said of a hawk that flutters with her wings)
beak: the upper and crooked par to the bill
beams: plumes des ailes
bewit: porte-grelot
bind: lier la proie
bell: grelot
bewit: porte-grelot
block: bloc
brail: bride
brancher: branchier
bowet, bowiser = brancher
cadge: cage, toiles
cadger, cadge-bearer: cagier
call off: rappeler
cancelier (to). "When in stopping she turns two or three times on the wing"; chanceler
carry: charrier
cast feathers: muer
cast off: jeter
casting: pellet
cawking: empiéter, cocher
cere: cire
check at: change (aller au)
clap: the lower mandible
claws, clee: clefs
clutch: empiéter
cope: apoltronir (fr. couper)
crabbing "Fighting with each other when stang too near"
creance: créance, filière
cowering. "When the young ones quiver and shake their wings in obedience to the elder
drawer: tiroir
drop. "When she slimes in drops" (see slime)
ender: enduire
enseam, ensain: essimer
enter: affaiter
entermewer: entremué
eyas, etc. = niais
eyrer, eyerer (not "eyter"): a brood falcon
eyrie: aire 12.1.
falconer: fauconnier
falconry: fauconnerie
feed up: donner le pât
feak."When a hawk wipes her beak after feeding": s'essuyer le bec
flags: cerceaux
flight feathers: couteaux
fly on head: prendre le change
frounce, founche: funces
gentle: gentil, noble
gleam: rejeter
gorge: mulette
hack. The place where the meat is laid
haggard: hagard
hawk house: perchoir
hawk's meat: pât
hawking: autourserie
hawking bag: fauconnière
heron's hawk: héronnier
hood: chaperon; to hood: chaperonner; to unhood: déchaperonner
hunger traces: marques de plumes affamées
imping: enture
inke. The neck of the birds the hawk preys on
intermewing: see entermewer
jesses: jets
jouk. "When she falls asleep": s'endormir
leash, lease: longe, laisse
lure: leurre
mails, mayles: mailles
make hawk. An old staunch hawk that sets example to a young
mantling: faire manteau
moult: mue
mount: to soar
musket: mouchet
mute: émeutir
mutes: émeuts
nares: narines
nias, nyas, eyas, eyass, eiasse (1): niais. The English forms arose from a misdivision of a nias into an eyas (Klein)
passage-hawk, passager:
passager, pèlerin
pellet: pelote
pelt (not pelf): carcasse
pendent feathers: culottes
perch: perche
peregrine, passage-hawk:
pèlerin
petty singles: les doigts
pill, pelt. "What the hawk leaves of her prey" (pill = plunder); see pelt.
pipper: estreignal
pitch: carrière
plume of hood: cornette
plume (to): déplumer sa proie
pounces: les serres
prune and pick herself: se lisser les plumes, carminer
quarry: proie
rake: s'écarter
ramage,ramage-hawk, ramager: branchier
rangle. "Gravel given her to bring down her stomach": gravier
reclaim: réclamer
red hawk = sore hawk
ring up = to soar
rouse. "When she rattles and shake herself"
ruff. "When she hits the prey, yet does not truss it"
sails: les ailes
seal (seel; "seek" is an err.): siller
sear, sere = cere
sharp set. To keep a hawk short set: affamer un faucon
short leash: courtier
slice. "When a hawk mutes a good way from her" (see slime)
slime. "When a hawk mutes directly down and longways in an entire substance" (see drop)
snite. To sneeze
soar: guinder, monter à l'essor
sock (= sack): chemise
sommed = summed
sore hawk, soarage: sor
stoop: descente; to stoop: daguer
summed: sommées
swivel: tourets
tail: balai
talons: doigts (< Fr. talon "hind toe")
tame: apprivoiser
tassel. Corr. of tiercel
tercel = tiercel
tiercel: tiercelet
tower: rouer
train: tail
train (to): affaiter
training: affaitage
truss: trousser
unstrike (to) the hood: dénouer le chaperon
wait on: tenir amont
warble. "When after mantling she crosses her wings over the back (= prob. wobble)
watch: veiller
weather: jardiner
yearling: sor
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